The first Mount Wilson trail was carved by the Gabrielino Indians which was used by them when they carried timber down from the mountains for the construction of the San Gabriel Mission in 1771. Tongvas were integrated into the culture of the mission, and the tribe were renamed Gabrielino Indians by the Spaniards. The original mission site is now marked by a California Historical Landmark. The mission was later moved to San Gabriel because of severe flooding from the Rio Hondo River, which ruined their crops. Two years later, Mission San Gabriel Arcangel was founded in today's Montebello, causing the Tongva communities to rapidly dwindle.
By 1769, the first Spanish settlers arrived in the region, finding an estimated 5,000 Tongva living in 31 villages. In the 16th century there were about 25 Tongva villages, with population of approximately 400 native people. Their primary language was Uto-Aztecan Shoshonean, exemplifying their roots in the Aztec empire. Tongva Indians, the aborigines migrated from the Mojave area to what would become the Los Angeles County, (including the San Gabriel Valley). It is also called the "Village of the Foothills" and was an All-America City in 2007. Sierra Madre is known as "Wistaria City", and its city seal is decorated with a drawing of the now widely known 500-foot (150 m) vine. Pasadena and Altadena are to its west, with Arcadia to its south and east. The city is located in the Foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains below the southern edge of the Angeles National Forest. The City of Sierra Madre is a municipality in Los Angeles County, California whose population was 10,917 at the 2010 census, up from 10,580 at the time of the 2000 census.
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